REVIEW for FINAL EXAM

Thanks for a great semester.
I hope you have enjoyed something about the class or just enjoyed me as a teacher, hopefully you have learned a few things along the weird and winding road that I use for teaching.

Here are a few things that we have learned during the term that you should be able to answer.
These questions are an extension from the review sheet given in class.

STUDY STUDY STUDY STUDY STUDY STUDY!

EXAM OUTLINE 2005

UNIT: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

• List and identify the properties of water
Name and draw the major macromolecules found in living systems.
• What are the four levels of proteins?
• Fully describe the structure of DNA.
• Identify various organic compounds.
• Describe the structure of the cell membrane.
• What is a phospholipid?
• State the importance of homeostasis.
• Identify and explain the various methods of transport across the cell membrane.
• What is osmosis and the various types of osmotic solutions?
• Compare active and passive transport and endocytosis and exocytosis.
• Identify and state the functions of the various cell organelles.
• State the differences between plant and animal cells.
• Describe the two stages of protein synthesis and those structures that are involved.
• Explain the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. How does each of these compare with each other? What organelles are involved?
• Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
• What are two types of fermentations?
• Name and describe three processes that occur during cellular respiration.


UNIT: PLANTS

• What are the differences between vascular and non-vascular plants?
• Identify the major organs of a plant and there primary function.
• What are the two classifications of angiosperms?
• Compare those characteristics of monocots and dicots.
• Name two types o0f monocots.
• How does the vascular tissue in monocots and dicots differ?
• State the function of xylem and phloem.
• State the function of the various structures that are found in a cross section of a leaf.
• Explain how guard cells are able to control the movement of gas exchange in plants?
• Identify three types of stems.
• Identify the various tissues found in a cross section of a root.
• What is the importance of the meristematic tissues in plants?



UNIT: DIVERSITY

• Name the six kingdoms.
• State the differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
• What is a dichotomous key? Give an example.
• Why is it important to use the scientific names of organisms?
• Identify and explain the hierarchy of classification. Why is it important?
• Why is genetic variation important to the survival of organisms?
• What is phylogeny? How does it work?
• Define cladogram and give an example
• What characteristics would separate each kingdom?


UNIT: GENETICS

• Describe Mendel’s experiments.
• Why did Mendel use pea plants?
• What are the differences between an F1 generation and F2 generation?
• What is the relationship between dominant and recessive traits?
• What are alleles?
• What does the law of dominance state? How does Mendel’s experiments prove this?
• Compare homozygous and heterozygous and genotype and phenotype.
• What is the law of random segregation?
• Be able to do the following types of crosses; monohybrid crosses, dehydrate crosses, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles and co dominance and sex linked problems. What is the difference between each of these crosses?
• Explain probability.
• Why is it important to use a punnett square?
• What are the two stages of meiosis called? Explain what happens during each phase.
• Identify the various stages of meiosis.
• Compare meiosis and mitosis.
• Compare the differences between oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
• Illustrate how DNA replicates.
• Identify those structures that make up the DNA molecule.
• What is a pedigree? Why is it important?
• Be able to use a pedigree to determine the genotype and phenotypes of individuals.
• Identify sex-linked traits